The accumulation of stool in the colon, blocking normal passage of feces.

• A. Edema
• B. Fecal Impaction
• C. Emesis
• D. Dementia

Answer: (B)

Fecal impaction occurs when stool becomes so hard and packed in the colon or rectum that it cannot be passed through normal bowel movements. The mass can block the usual flow of stool, leading to a sense of fullness, abdominal cramping or distension, and sometimes leakage of liquid stool around the blockage. This situation is common in people who are dehydrated, immobile, or taking medications that slow bowel movements. It’s important to recognize that this is not about swelling from fluid (edema), vomiting (emesis), or a cognitive condition like dementia. Management requires assessment by a nurse or clinician; removing the impacted stool or relieving the blockage (often with procedures or prescribed therapies) is needed, along with measures to prevent recurrence such as hydration and a regular bowel regimen. As a CNA, monitor bowel patterns, encourage fluids and activity as ordered, and report any signs of possible impaction promptly.