The shortening and hardening of soft tissue resulting in deformity or rigidity of joints, usually caused by lack of extension and movement.

• A. Geriatrics
• B. Contracture
• C. Edema
• D. Emesis

Answer: (B)

Contracture is the permanent shortening and hardening of soft tissue around a joint, leading to deformity or rigidity when movement is limited or stopped. When a limb or joint isn’t moved or extended regularly, muscles, tendons, and other connective tissues lose elasticity and shorten. Over time, scar tissue and collagen cause these tissues to tighten, locking the joint in a stiff, bent position and reducing range of motion. This often happens with prolonged immobility, casts, or conditions that limit movement. To prevent it, encourage regular range-of-motion exercises and proper positioning to keep joints extended and comfortable, along with frequent repositioning. The other options don’t describe tissue shortening or joint rigidity: geriatrics relates to elderly people, edema is swelling, and emesis is vomiting.